Eric Norelius comes to this, A Great Cloud of Witnesses: An Ecumenical Calendar of Saints’ Days and Holy Days, via G. Scott Cady and Christopher L. Webber, A Year with American Saints (2006).
Norelius grew up in The Church of Sweden. He, born in Hassela, Sweden, on October 26, 1833, was steeped in Lutheranism. When our saint arrived in New York Harbor on October 31, 1850, he found other Swedish immigrants, mostly Methodists. When Norelius arrived in Chicago, Illinois, he found a Swedish Episcopalian congregation. After graduating from Capital University, Columbus, Ohio (1855), Norelius began his Lutheran ministerial career.
In September 1855, Eric Norelius and Inga Peterson Norelius, newlyweds, arrived in Red Wing, Minnesota. Our saint became the pastor of two churches, one in Red Wing and the other one in Vasa. The Swedish Lutheran congregations were poor, so the Noreliuses had to leave, for financial reasons, in 1858. Before they did, however, our saint had founded twelve congregations.
Norelius remained active in ecclesiastical affairs. Our saint became a journalist. He had founded a Swedish-language newspaper, the Minnesota Posten, in November 1857. He assumed the editorship of the Hemlandet, a Swedish-language newspaper which absorbed the Minnesota Posten, in January 1859. Norelius helped to found the Augustana Synod (originally for Norwegian and Swedish immigrants) in June 1860. He served as a traveling missionary to Swedes living west of Minneapolis, starting in October 1860.
Norelius returned to the Red Wing-Vasa area, as pastor, in 1861. He founded a school, the origin of Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, Minnesota, in 1862. Our saint also founded the Vasa Children’s Home in 1865. This was the genesis of Lutheran Social Services of Minnesota.
Norelius led above the parish level, too. He served as the President of the Augustana Synod’s Minnesota Conference (1870f). Then our saint was the President of the Augustana Synod (1874-1881, 1899-1911). Norelius also wrote and edited. His published works included The History of the Swedish Lutheran Congregations and the Swedish Americans (two volumes, 1890). Norelius edited ecclesiastical publications (1870-1882, 1899-1909), too.
Norelius, aged 82 years, died in Vasa, Minnesota, on March 15, 1916.
KENNETH RANDOLPH TAYLOR
APRIL 23, 2021 COMMON ERA
THE FEAST OF TOYOHIKO KAGAWA, RENEWER OF SOCIETY AND PROPHETIC WITNESS IN JAPAN
THE FEAST OF JAKOB BÖHME, GERMAN LUTHERAN MYSTIC
THE FEAST OF MARTIN RINCKART, GERMAN LUTHERAN MINISTER AND HYMN WRITER
THE FEAST OF SAINT TERESA MARIA OF THE CROSS, FOUNDRESS OF THE CARMELITE SISTERS OF SAINT TERESA OF FLORENCE
THE FEAST OF WALTER RUSSELL BOWIE, EPISCOPAL PRIEST, SEMINARY PROFESSOR, AND HYMN WRITER
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Almighty God, we praise you for the men and women you have sent
to call the Church to its tasks and renew its life [such as your servant Eric Norelius].
Raise up in our own day teachers and prophets inspired by your Spirit,
whose voices will give strength to your Church and proclaim
the reality of your kingdom; through your Son, Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.
Jeremiah 1:4-10
Psalm 46
1 Corinthians 3:11-23
Mark 10:35-45
–Adapted from the Lutheran Book of Worship (1978), 37
Philipp Rafflenboel, who changed his surname to “Nicolai,” or “son of Nicoalus,” was a son of Lutheran minister Nicolaus Dietrich Rafflenboel. Our saint seemed destined for a devout life. As a child, he presided at funerals for pets and preached at funerals for pets and preached to children in the neighborhood. He studied at the Universities of Erfurt and Wittenberg before, at the age of 20 years, became a Lutheran minister. Our saint’s first parish was in his hometown, Mengeringhausen, Waldeck, Hesse.
Nicolai was a man of strong opinions. He, pastor at Herbecke (in the Ruhr area) from 1583 to 1586, had to leave. During the age of the Religious Wars in Europe, when the separation of church and state was not the rule, (Roman Catholic) Spanish and Bavarian forces neared Herdecke. In that context Lutheran pastor Johann Tacke, a former priest, dressed in priestly vestments and presided over a mass. Nicolai criticized Tacke in strong terms. This led to a politically difficult situation for our saint.
Political difficulties continued for Nicolai. In 1586-1587 he was a pastor in Cologne, a stronghold of Roman Catholicism. At Niederwildungen, Waldeck, as pastor (1587-1596), our saint also tutored the young Count Wilhelm Ernst, son of the dowager Countess Margarethe. There were, however, prominent Calvinists in the court; Nicolai clashed with them.
From 1596 to 1601 Nicolai was pastor in Unna, Westphalia. A plague struck the town in 1597-1598; more than 1,300 people died in less than a year. Our saint ministered faithfully to his flock during that difficult time. On a happier note, he published Mirror of Joy of Eternal Life, including his hymns and hymn tunes, in 1599. Nicolai also married Catherine von der Recke, a widow with two children, in 1600.
Nicolai was pastor of St. Catherine’s Church, Hamburg, in 1601-1608. He, renowned for his eloquent preaching, wrote and published his systematic theology, On God’s Mystical Temple. Our saint died in Hamburg on October 26, 1608. He was 56 years old.
KENNETH RANDOLPH TAYLOR
DECEMBER 16, 2018 COMMON ERA
THE THIRD SUNDAY OF ADVENT, YEAR C: THE FIFTEENTH DAY OF ADVENT
THE FEAST OF GUSTAF AULEN, SWEDISH LUTHERAN THEOLOGY
THE FEAST OF SAINT FILIP SIPHONG ONPHITHAKT, ROMAN CATHOLIC CATECHIST AND MARTYR IN THAILAND
THE FEAST OF MAUDE DOMINICA PETRE, ROMAN CATHOLIC MODERNIST THEOLOGIAN
THE FEAST OF RALPH ADAMS CRAM AND RICHARD UPJOHN, ARCHITECTS; AND JOHN LAFARGE, SR., PAINTER AND STAINED GLASS WINDOW MAKER
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Dear God of beauty,
you have granted literary ability and spiritual sensitivity to
Philipp Nicolai and others, who have composed hymn texts.
May we, as you guide us,
find worthy hymn texts to be icons,
through which we see you.
In the Name of God: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Amen.
Sirach/Ecclesiasticus 44:1-3a, 5-15
Psalm 147
Revelation 5:11-14
Luke 2:8-20
KENNETH RANDOLPH TAYLOR
APRIL 20, 2013 COMMON ERA
THE FEAST OF SAINTS AMATOR OF AUXERRE AND GERMANUS OF AUXERRE, ROMAN CATHOLIC BISHOPS; SAINT MAMERTINUS OF AUXERRE, ROMAN CATHOLIC ABBOT; AND SAINT MARCIAN OF AUXERRE, ROMAN CATHOLIC MONK
THE FEAST OF JOHANNES BUGENHAGEN, GERMAN LUTHERAN PASTOR
THE FEAST OF SAINT MARCELLINUS OF EMBRUN, ROMAN CATHOLIC BISHOP
THE FEAST OF OLAVUS AND LAURENTIUS PETRI, RENEWERS OF THE CHURCH
An old saying tells that power wears down those who do not have it. That is certainly true in the Turkish Republic. Even before the recent failed coup President (previously Prime Minister) Recep Tayyip Erdogan used the judiciary to imprison journalists whose reporting was critical of him. He thereby proved that he lacked respect for the freedom of the press. Now, after the coup, he is targeting not only soldiers but journalists, judges, academics, and civil servants en masse. It is a witch hunt. The republic is really a dictatorship. Erdogan’s power wears down those who do not have it. Patriotism and law and order are the last refuges of a scoundrel, to paraphrase Dr. Samuel Johnson(1709-1784).
Power need not wear down those who lack it, however. If the right person uses power for proper purposes it builds up the nation–or, in the case, of King Alfred the Great, the only monarch in English history to be “the Great,” the kingdom as a whole.
Alfred the Great was the last King of the West Saxons (alternatively, the King of Wessex) and the first King of the Anglo-Saxons (from 878). His mother was Osburh/Osburga (died in 854), a noblewoman. Our saint’s father was King Aethelwulf (reigned 839-858). Alfred, born in 849, was the youngest of five children who survived to adulthood. Aethelwulf sent his four-year-old son to visit Rome, where Pope St. Leo IV (reigned April 10, 847-July 17, 855) sponsored the prince at his confirmation. Two years later Alfred accompanied Aethelwulf on a pilgrimage to Rome. The prince learned to read English prior to his twelfth birthday. He did not learn to read Latin until 887, when he had been king for some time. Aethelwulf’s three elder sons succeeded him, in order, prior to Alfred’s accession:
Aethelbald (reigned 858-860),
Aethelberht (reigned 860-865), and
Aethelred I (reigned 865-871).
Alfred’s public life spanned 866-899. That public life began with Alfred assisting his elder brother, Aethelred I, resist Danish invaders, a persistent threat for generations. In 868 the prince married Ealhswith/Ealswitha (died 902), from the Mercian royal family. Alfred succeeded Aethelred I in 871, becoming the King of the West Saxons (alternatively, the King of Wessex). The fight against Danish invaders continued throughout his reign. One phase of that struggle ended in 878, when Alfred took the title “King of the Anglo-Saxons.” In that year Alfred did not kill Guthrum, the leader of the Danish invaders; no the monarch forced Guthrum to convert to Christianity and stood as his godfather. Another stage of that struggle ended in 896. Alfred left behind a military legacy, including a naval fleet and reorganized militias. He was, in fact, the “Father of the English Navy.”
Alfred did more than maintain the independence of his realm and became one of the greatest early English monarchs. He also built up his realm and improved the lives of his subjects. The monarch, for example, issued a law code, joining the ranks of Hammurabi (reigned 1792-1750 B.C.E.) and Justinian I (reigned 527-565 C.E.). He also encouraged art, architecture, education, and monasticism. Alfred recruited experts from the continent of Europe to revitalize learning. He also ordered that children in his court learn both English and Latin. Furthermore, the king, in 892, began to translate major Latin texts in theology and philosophy. Other also translated major Latin texts. Over time confusion regarding which of these Alfred translated has developed. The monarch also founded a convent and a monastery. His attempt to revive monasticism failed, however, due to a lack of public interest. Alfred was ahead of his time in that regard.
Alfred died on October 26, 899. He was about 50 years old. His son, Edward the Elder (reigned 899-924), succeeded him.
George P. Knapp, late Professor of English at Columbia University, wrote:
It should be borne in mind, however, that it is not the magnitude of Alfred’s military achievements, nor the extent of the country which he governed, that lift him into the ranks of the world’s great men, but the beauty and moral grandeur of his character. In him were combined the virtues of the scholar and the patriot, the efficiency of the man of affairs with the wisdom of the philosopher and the piety of the true Christian. His character, public and private, is without a stain, and his whole life was one of enlightened and magnanimous service to his country.
–Quoted in The Encyclopedia Americana (1962), Volume 1, page 380
KENNETH RANDOLPH TAYLOR
JULY 28, 2016 COMMON ERA
THE FEAST OF FLORA MACDONALD, CANADIAN STATESWOMAN AND HUMANITARIAN
THE FEAST OF NANCY BYRD TURNER, POET, EDITOR, AND HYMN EDITOR
THE FEAST OF THE PIONEERING FEMALE EPISCOPAL PRIESTS, 1974 AND 1975
I live in an age when disregard for the beauty of worship and the literary quality of texts for that purpose seems to be ubiquitous, even among many religious people. The proliferation of “seven-eleven” praise choruses is an especially distressing reality. The witness of the life of Francis Pott (1832-1909) stands in contrast to such practices.
Pott, born in Southward, London, England, on December 19, 1832, graduated from Brasenose College, Oxford, earning his B.A. in 1854 and his M.A. three years later. Our saint took Holy Orders in the Church of England in 1856 and served at Bishopsworth (1856-1858), Ardingley (1858-1861), Ticehurst (1861-1866), and Northill (1866-1891) before retiring due to deafness and moving to Speldhurst.
THE FEAST OF ARTHUR PENRHYN STANLEY, ANGLICAN DEAN OF WESTMINSTER AND HYMN WRITER
THE FEAST OF BARTHOLOME DE LAS CASAS, WITNESS FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Dear God of beauty,
you have granted literary ability and spiritual sensitivity to
Francis Pott and others, who have composed hymn texts.
May we, as you guide us,
find worthy hymn texts to be icons,
through which we see you.
In the Name of God: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Amen.
Sirach/Ecclesiasticus 44:1-3a, 5-15
Psalm 147
Revelation 5:11-14
Luke 2:8-20
KENNETH RANDOLPH TAYLOR
APRIL 20, 2013 COMMON ERA
THE FEAST OF SAINTS AMATOR OF AUXERRE AND GERMANUS OF AUXERRE, ROMAN CATHOLIC BISHOPS; SAINT MAMERTINUS OF AUXERRE, ROMAN CATHOLIC ABBOT; AND SAINT MARCIAN OF AUXERRE, ROMAN CATHOLIC MONK
THE FEAST OF JOHANNES BUGENHAGEN, GERMAN LUTHERAN PASTOR
THE FEAST OF SAINT MARCELLINUS OF EMBRUN, ROMAN CATHOLIC BISHOP
THE FEAST OF OLAVUS AND LAURENTIUS PETRI, RENEWERS OF THE CHURCH
ARTHUR CAMPBELL AINGER (JULY 4, 1841-OCTOBER 26, 1919)
English Educator, Scholar, and Hymn Writer
Arthur Campbell Ainger, the son of the Anglican Vicar of Hampstead, attended Eton College then Trinity College, Cambridge. Taking Holy Orders, our saint served as the Curate of Alweras, Staffordshire, from 1860 to 1864. Then, from 1864 to 1901, he was the Assistant Master of Eton College. Ainger, a scholar blessed with an excellent memory, devoted his life to Eton and won great respect. James Moffatt wrote of him:
He had a facile and fertile pen.
—Handbook to The Church Hymnary (London, UK: Oxford University Press, 1927, page 248)
That facile and fertile pen, partnered with his able and trained intellect, produced hymns and poems. Sir Joseph Barnby (1838-1896) (https://neatnik2009.wordpress.com/2012/11/26/feast-of-joseph-barnby-january-28/) set Vale and Carmen Etonense (1901) to music. Ainger also co-edited an English-Latin Verse Dictionary and wrote Eton Songs (1901-1902) and Memories of Eton Sixty Years Ago (1917).
The following hymn dates to 1894:
God is working His purpose out, as your succeeds to year:
God is working His purpose out, and the time of drawing near–
Nearer and nearer draws the time– the time that shall surely be,
When the earth shall be filled with the glory of God as the waters cover the sea.
—–
From utmost east to utmost west, where’er man’s foot hath trod,
By the mouth of many messengers goes forth the voice of God;
Give ear to Me, ye continents–ye isles, give ear to Me,
That the earth may be filled with the glory of God, as the waters cover the sea.
—–
What can we do to work God’s work, to prosper and increase
The brotherhood of all mankind–the reign of the Prince of Peace?
What can we do to hasten the time–the time that shall surely be,
When the earth shall be filled with the glory of God, as the waters cover the sea?
—–
March we forth in the strength of God, with the banner of Christ unfurled,
That the light of the glorious Gospel of truth may shine throughout the world:
Fight we the fight with sorrow and sin, to set their captives free,
That the earth may be filled with the glory of God, as the waters cover the sea.
—–
All we can do is nothing worth, unless God blesses the deed;
Vainly we hope for the harvest-tide, till God gives life to the seed;
Yet nearer and nearer draws the time–the time that shall surely be,
When the earth shall be filled with the glory of God, as the waters cover the sea.
Arthur Campbell Ainger was truly a gentleman, a scholar, and a man of God.
KENNETH RANDOLPH TAYLOR
JUNE 24, 2013 COMMON ERA
THE FEAST OF THE NATIVITY OF SAINT JOHN THE BAPTIST
HERBERT STANLEY OAKELEY (JULY 22, 1830-OCTOBER 26, 1903)
Composer
Herbert Stanley Oakeley was the son of the Reverend Sir Herbert Oakeley, the Anglican Vicar of Ealing then the Dean of Bocking then the Archdeacon of Colchester. Our saint, educated at Rugby then at Christ Church, Oxford, then at Dresden then at Leipzig then at Bonn, worked as a music reporter for The Guardian for a time. By 1865, when he became the Reid Chair of Music at the University of Edinburgh, he was already a composer and an organist. Yet his appointment caused a controversy due to the Reid Chair’s duties of conducting the Reid Concerts, major events. As Reid Chair our saint promoted what he considered good music and favored the restoration of the organ to church music. (The Church of Scotland lifted its bar on the organ in the late 1800s.) Oakeley received ten honorary doctorates, became a Sir in 1876 and composer to Queen Victoria five years later. He retired in 1891.
Oakeley composed works for piano, orchestra, and the human voice. Among the hymn tunes he wrote were “Abends” and “Dominica.”
Oakeley glorified God via music–a wonderful way to accomplish that purpose.
KENNETH RANDOLPH TAYLOR
JUNE 24, 2013 COMMON ERA
THE FEAST OF THE NATIVITY OF SAINT JOHN THE BAPTIST
1 (Anthony Ashley Cooper, Lord Shaftesbury, British Humanitarian and Social Reformer)
Chuck Matthei, Founder and Director of the Equity Trust, Inc.
Marie-Joseph Aubert, Founder of the Daughters of Our Lady of Compassion
Ralph W. Sockman, United Methodist Minister and Spiritual Writer
Romanus the Melodist, Deacon and Hymnodist
Thérèse of Lisieux, Roman Catholic Nun and Mystic
2 (Petrus Herbert, German Moravian Bishop and Hymnodist)
Carl Doving, Norwegian-American Lutheran Minister and Hymn Translator
James Allen, English Inghamite then Glasite/Sandemanian Hymn Writer; and his great-nephew, Oswald Allen, English Glasite/Sandemanian Hymn Writer
Maria Anna Kratochwil, Polish Roman Catholic Nun and Martyr, 1942
3 (George Kennedy Allen Bell, Anglican Bishop of Chichester)
Alberto Ramento, Prime Bishop of the Philippine Independent Church
Gerard of Brogne, Roman Catholic Abbot
John Raleigh Mott, U.S. Methodist Lay Evangelist, and Ecumenical Pioneer
William Scarlett, Episcopal Bishop of Missouri, and Advocate for Social Justice
4 (Francis of Assisi, Founder of the Order of Friars Minor)
Agneta Chang, Maryknoll Sister and Martyr in Korea, 1950
H. H. Rowley, English Baptist Minister and Biblical Scholar
5 (David Nitschmann, Sr., “Father Nitschmann,” Moravian Missionary; Melchior Nitschmann, Moravian Missionary and Martyr, 1729; Johann Nitschmann, Jr., Moravian Missionary and Bishop; Anna Nitschman, Moravian Eldress; and David Nitschmann, Missionary and First Bishop of the Renewed Moravian Church)
Cyriacus Schneegass, German Lutheran Minister, Musician, and Hymn Writer
Francis Xavier Seelos, German-American Roman Catholic Priest
Harry Emerson Fosdick, U.S. Northern Baptist Minister and Opponent of Fundamentalism
6 (George Edward Lynch Cotton, Anglican Bishop of Calcutta)
Ernest William Olson, Swedish-American Lutheran Poet, Editor, Hymn Translator, and Hymn Writer
Heinrich Albert, German Lutheran Composer and Poet
John Ernest Bode, Anglican Priest, Poet, and Hymn Writer
Joseph Lowery, African-American United Methodist Minister and Civil Rights Leader; “The Dean of the Civil Rights Movement”
William Tyndale, English Reformer, Bible Translator, and Martyr, 1536; and Miles Coverdale, English Reformer, Bible Translator, and Bishop of Exeter
7 (Wilhelm Wexels, Norwegian Lutheran Minister, Hymn Writer, and Hymn Translator; his niece, Marie Wexelsen, Norwegian Lutheran Novelist and Hymn Writer; Ludwig Lindeman, Norwegian Lutheran Organist and Musicologist; and Magnus Landstad, Norwegian Lutheran Minister, Folklorist, Hymn Writer, and Hymnal Editor)
Bradford Torrey, U.S. Ornithologist and Hymn Writer
Claus Westermann, German Lutheran Minister and Biblical Translator
Herbert G. May, U.S. Biblical Scholar and Translator
Johann Gottfried Weber, German Moravian Musician, Composer, and Minister
John Woolman, Quaker Abolitionist
8 (Erik Routley, English Congregationalist Hymnodist)
Abraham Ritter, U.S. Moravian Merchant, Historian, Musician, and Composer
Alexander Penrose Forbes, Scottish Episcopal Bishop of Brechin; Church Historian; and Renewer of the Scottish Episcopal Church
John Clarke, English Baptist Minister and Champion of Religious Liberty in New England
Richard Whately, Anglican Archbishop of Dublin, Ireland
William Dwight Porter Bliss, Episcopal Priest; and Richard Theodore Ely; Economists
9 (Denis, Bishop of Paris, and His Companions, Roman Catholic Martyrs)
John Leonardi, Founder of the Clerks Regular of the Mother of God of Lucca; and Joseph Calasanctius, Founder of the Clerks Regular of Religious Schools
Penny Lernoux, U.S. Roman Catholic Journalist and Moral Critic
Robert Grosseteste, English Roman Catholic Scholar, Philosopher, and Bishop of Lincoln
Wilfred Thomason Grenfell, Medical Missionary to Newfoundland and Labrador
10 (Johann Nitschmann, Sr., Moravian Missionary and Bishop; David Nitschmann, Jr.,the Syndic, Moravian Missionary and Bishop; and David Nitschmann, the Martyr, Moravian Missionary and Martyr, 1729)
Christian Ludwig Brau, Norwegian Moravian Teacher and Poet
Edward White Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury
Jean-Baptiste Lamy, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Santa Fe, New Mexico
Louis FitzGerald Benson, U.S. Presbyterian Minister and Hymnodist
Vida Dutton Scudder, Episcopal Professor, Author, Christian Socialist, and Social Reformer
11 (PHILIP THE EVANGELIST, DEACON)
12 (Martin Dober, Moravian Bishop and Hymn Writer; Johann Leonhard Dober, Moravian Missionary and Bishop; and Anna Schindler Dober, Moravian Missionary and Hymn Writer)
John Bowring, English Unitarian Hymn Writer, Social Reformer, and Philanthropist
Richard McSorley, U.S. Roman Catholic Priest, Professor, and Peace Activist
18 (LUKE THE EVANGELIST, PHYSICIAN)
19 (Martyrs of North America, 1642-1649)
Claudia Frances Ibotson Hernaman, Anglican Hymn Writer and Translator
Jerzy Popieluszko, Polish Roman Catholic Priest and Martyr, 1984
Paul of the Cross, Founder of the Congregation of Discaled Clerks of the Most Holy Cross and Passion
20 (Philip Schaff and John Williamson Nevin, U.S. German Reformed Historians, Theologians, and Liturgists)
Friedrich Funcke, German Lutheran Minister, Composer, and Hymn Writer
James W. C. Pennington, African-American Congregationalist and Presbyterian Minister, Educator, and Abolitionist
John Harris Burt, Episcopal Bishop of Ohio, and Civil Rights Activist
Mary A. Lathbury, U.S. Methodist Hymn Writer
21 (George McGovern, U.S. Senator and Stateman; and his wife, Eleanor McGovern, Humanitarian)
David Moritz Michael, German-American Moravian Musician and Composer
Laura of Saint Catherine of Siena, Founder of the Works of the Indians and the Congregation of Missionary Sisters of Immaculate Mary and of Saint Catherine of Siena
Walter Sisulu and Albertina Sisulu, Anti-Apartheid Activists and Political Prisoners in South Africa
Emily Gardiner Neal, Episcopal Deacon, Religious Writer, and Leader of the Healing Movement in The Episcopal Church
Emily Huntington Miller, U.S. Methodist Author and Hymn Writer
Frederick Pratt Green, British Methodist Minister, Poet, and Hymn Writer
Katharina von Schlegal, German Lutheran Hymn Writer
Martyrs of Heraclea, 304
23 (JAMES OF JERUSALEM, BROTHER OF JESUS)
24 (Rosa Parks, African-American Civil Rights Activist)
Fritz Eichenberg, German-American Quaker Wood Engraver
Henry Clay Shuttleworth, Anglican Priest and Hymn Writer
Pavel Chesnokov, Russian Orthodox Composer
Proclus, Archbishop of Constantinople; and Rusticus, Bishop of Narbonne
25 (Johann Daniel Grimm, German Moravian Musician)
26 (Alfred the Great, King of the West Saxons)
Arthur Campbell Ainger, English Educator, Scholar, and Hymn Writer
Eric Norelius, Swedish-American Lutheran Minister
Francis Pott, Anglican Priest and Hymn Writer and Translator
Henry Stanley Oakeley, Composer
Philip Nicolai, German Lutheran Minister and Hymn Writer
27 (James A. Walsh and Thomas Price, Co-Founders of the Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers; and Mary Josephine Rogers, Founder of the Maryknoll Sisters of Saint Dominic)
Aedesius, Priest and Missionary; and Frumentius, First Bishop of Axum and Abuna of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
Dmitry Bortniansky, Russian Orthodox Composer
Harry Webb Farrington, U.S. Methodist Minister and Hymn Writer
Levi Coffin and Catherine Coffin, U.S. Quaker Abolitionists and Conductors of the Underground Railroad
28 (SIMON AND JUDE, APOSTLES AND MARTYRS)
29 (Martyrs of Lien-Chou, China, October 28, 1905)
Bartholomaus Helder, German Lutheran Minister, Composer, and Hymn Writer
James Hannington, Anglican Bishop of Eastern Equatorial Guinea; and His Companions, Martyrs
Joseph Grigg, English Presbyterian Minister and Hymn Writer
Paul Manz, Dean of Lutheran Church Music
30 (Hugh O’Flaherty, “Scarlet Pimperel of the Vatican”)
Elizabeth Comstock, Anglo-American Quaker Educator, Abolitionist, and Social Reformer
Marcellus the Centurion and Cassian of Tangiers, Roman Catholic Martyrs, 298
Oleksa Zarytsky, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Priest and Martyr, 1963
Walter John Mathams, British Baptist then Presbyterian Minister, Author, and Hymn Writer
31 (Reformation Day)
Daniel C. Roberts, Episcopal Priest and Hymn Writer
Gerhard Von Rad and Martin Noth, German Lutheran Biblical Scholars
Ivan Kochurov, Russian Orthodox Priest and Martyr, 1917
Paul Shinji Sasaki, Anglican Bishop of Mid-Japan, Bishop of Tokyo, and Primate of Nippon Sei Ko Kei; and Philip Lendel Tsen, Anglican Bishop of Honan and Presiding Bishop of Chung Hua Sheng Kung Hui
Lowercase boldface on a date with two or more commemorations indicates a primary feast.
SUNDRY THOUGHTS 
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